Which is a common cause of sinus barotrauma in aircrew?

• A. Rapid pressure changes.
• B. Slow, deliberate pressure equalization.
• C. Dehydration.
• D. High altitude exposure.

Answer: (A)

Rapid changes in ambient pressure during flight create a mismatch between the outside air and the air inside the sinus cavities. The sinus openings are narrow, so air can’t flow in or out quickly enough to equalize pressure as the aircraft ascends or descends. This pressure difference stretches the sinus walls and can cause pain, mucosal injury, or even bleeding—classic sinus barotrauma.

Slower, deliberate pressure equalization reduces risk because it allows the sinuses to adjust gradually. Dehydration can affect mucosal moisture but isn’t the direct cause of barotrauma, and high altitude exposure alone doesn’t cause it unless there are rapid pressure changes.