Which preventive measure helps prevent sinus barotrauma?

• A. Slow, deliberate pressure equalization (Valsalva, swallowing, yawning).
• B. Rapid nose blowing.
• C. Increased hydration alone.
• D. Prolonged apnea.

Answer: (A)

Sinus barotrauma happens when rapid ambient pressure changes during ascent or descent can’t be equalized, causing air to be trapped and the mucosa to swell or bleed. The best way to prevent this is to keep the sinus and middle-ear passages open by slowly and deliberately equalizing pressure as changes occur. Techniques like gentle Valsalva (softly blowing with the nose closed), swallowing, or yawning help open the sinus ostia and Eustachian tubes, letting air move freely to equalize the pressure without a sudden spike. Rushing to blow the nose can create a sharp, forceful pressure change that worsens the problem. Simply increasing hydration doesn’t ensure open passages, and prolonged apnea blocks any relief. So gradual, intentional pressure equalization during pressure changes is the preventive measure.