Which symptom is most characteristic of ear barotrauma during ascent or descent?

• A. Shortness of breath
• B. Ear pain
• C. Rash
• D. Abdominal pain

Answer: (B)

Ear barotrauma happens when rapid changes in ambient pressure during ascent or descent aren’t matched by equalizing the pressure in the middle ear. The most characteristic symptom is ear pain, caused by the pressure difference across the tympanic membrane as air trapped in the middle ear is compressed or expands. This can also produce a feeling of fullness and sometimes temporary hearing changes or tinnitus. Other options don’t fit because shortness of breath relates to lung or airway issues, a rash is unrelated to pressure changes, and abdominal pain isn’t connected to middle-ear barotrauma. To reduce risk, use pressure-equalizing techniques like swallowing, yawning, or the Valsalva maneuver during changes in altitude, and seek care if pain is severe or persistent.